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''Polybioides raphigastra'' is a species of social wasp found in the forests of South East Asia and Indonesia. It has recently been placed in the tribe Ropalidiini. This species is known for the downward-spiraling shape of their nests, and for having colony sizes exceeding ten thousand members. == Taxonomy and phylogeny == The Swiss entomologist Henri Louis Frédéric de Saussure described ''P. raphigastra'' in 1854''. ''At the time, it was identified by the synonym ''Polybia sumatrensis de Saussure. '' ''P. raphigastra ''is one of six known species that comprise the genus ''Polybioides''. Four of these species live in South East Asia, Indonesia, and the Philippines, and the other two are located in equatorial Africa. ''Polybioides'' were recently included in the tribe Ropalidiini, which, along with Polistini, Epiponini, and Mischocyttarini, make up the subfamily Polistinae.〔Arévalo, Elisabeth. Zhu, Yong. Carpenter, James. Strassmann, Joan. The phylogeny of the social wasp subfamily Polistinae: evidence from microsatellite flanking sequences, mitochondrial COI sequence, and morphological characters. BMC Evolutionary Biology 2004, 4:8. 〕 Other members of the genus include: ''Polybioides angustus, Polybioides gracilis, Polybioides melaina, Polybioides psecas, and Polybioides tabidus. '' 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Polybioides raphigastra」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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